SQL 基础语法

SELECT column FROM table

SELECT DISTINCT column FROM table

SELECT column FROM table WHERE column operator value

SELECT column FROM table WHERE 1 AND 2 (WHERE 1 OR 2)

SELECT column FROM table ORDER BY column

SELECT column FROM table LIMIT number(MySQL)

SELECT column FROM table WHERE column LIKE pattern (% _ [charlist] [^charlist])

SELECT column FROM table WHERE column IN (value1,value2,...)

SELECT column FROM table WHERE column BETWEEN value1 AND value2

SELECT column FROM table AS alias_name(表的别名)
SELECT column AS alias_name FROM table（列的别名）

SELECT column INTO new_table [IN external_database] FROM old_table

INSERT INTO table VALUES (v1.v2...)
INSERT INTO table (column1,column2,...) VALUES (v1,v2,...)

UPDATE table SET column = new_value WHERE column = value

DELETE FROM table WHERE column = value

SELECT column1 FROM table1 UNION SELECE column2 FROM table2(元素不重复)
SELECT column2 FROM table1 UNION ALL SELECT column2 FROM table2（元素可以重复）

CREATE DATABASE name
CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2 type,c3 type,...)

(INNER) JOIN: 如果表中有至少一个匹配，则返回行
LEFT JOIN: 即使右表中没有匹配，也从左表返回所有的行
RIGHT JOIN: 即使左表中没有匹配，也从右表返回所有的行
FULL JOIN: 只要其中一个表中存在匹配，就返回行

SELECT column FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column
SELECT column FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column 
SELECT column FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column 
SELECT column FROM table1 FULL JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column 

CREATE TABLE name( c1 type NOT NULL,c2 type,c3 type,...)

CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2 type,c3 type,... ,UNIQUE(c1) ) (MySQL)
CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2,type,c3 type,... ,CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE(c1,c2) ) (MySQL)
ALTER TABLE table ADD UNIQUE(column)
ALTER TABLE table ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE(c1,c2)
ALTER TABLE table DROP INDEX constraint_name (MySQL)

CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2 type,c3 type,... ,PRIMARY KEY(c1) ) (MySQL)
CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2,type,c3 type,... ,CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2) )  (MySQL)
ALTER TABLE table ADD PRIMARY KEY(column)
ALTER TABLE table ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2)
ALTER TABLE table DROP PRIMARY KEY(MySQL)

CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2 type,c3 type,... ,FOREIGN KEY(c1) REFERENCE table2(column) ) (MySQL)
CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2 type,c3 type,... ,CONSTRAINT constraint_name FOREIGN KEY(c1) REFERENCE table2(column) ) (MySQL)
ALTER TABLE table ADD FOREIGN KEY (column) REFERENCE table2(column)
ALTER TABLE table ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name FOREIGN KEY (column) REFERENCE table2(column)
ALTER TABLE table DROP FOREIGN KEY constraint_name (MySQL)

CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2 type,c3 type,... ,CHECK(expression) ) (MySQL)
CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2 type,c3 type,... ,CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK(expression) ) (MySQL)
ALTER TABLE table ADD CHECK(expression)
ALTER TABLE table ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK(expression)
ALTER TABLE table DROP CHECK constraint_name (MySQL)

CREATE TABLE name( c1 type,c2 type,c3 type,... ,cn type DEFAULT 'value' ) (MySQL)
ALTER TABLE table ALTER column SET DEFAULT 'value' (MySQL)
ALTER TABLE table ALTER column DROP DEFAULT (MySQL)